No, it is not only limited to pic or vid. It can also be a short phrase or even just simple shared reaction. When someone is “meme-ing”, they are not solely sharing pics or vids. For instance, if I were to count out 69 of something, and someone were to say “nice”, that is an example of a meme that has no associated pic or vid.

Pics and vids are among the most common forms of internet memes, but that does not mean they are the only forms.

Let’s take a Rickroll. Is the actual Rick Astley video the meme? Not really, no. The meme is sending someone to that video when they’re not expecting it. Here the meme is an activity, the fooling of your target with a link to the video. If I just post a link to the video without trying to fool you, like so:

https://youtu.be/dQw4w9WgXcQ <—link to Rick Astley song

Have I done the meme? No, I haven’t, despite the fact that I’m linking the “meme video”. The meme is in the context.

Reading the AI summary and comparing it to the article is pretty amusing.

Macron said that France is a solid ally in France, an ally he does not underestimate.

An excellent sentence, as well.

Lead researcher has a youtube channel linked at the bottom of that article, too.